Accounting has been and is a field that many people are interested in because of its importance to operating units. Accounting is divided into many fields such as: corporate accounting; Bank accountant; HCSN accounting… Each accounting field will have its own characteristics. There are many accountants who cannot distinguish the difference between administrative accounting and corporate accounting with other types. So what does administrative accounting include?
MAIN CONTENT
2. Classification of administrative and non-business accounting units
3. Accounting contents of administrative and non-business units
1. The concept of administrative and non-business units
The administrative and non-business unit is actually the common name of two phrases: administrative agency and non-business unit.
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– Administrative agencies: is the system of state power agencies from the central to local levels; including the Procuracy to the People’s Courts at all levels. For example: National Assembly, People’s Committees at all levels, …
– Non-business units: are units established by competent State agencies; to perform specific functions of each department, sector or field. For example: hospital, school, People’s Committee…
2. Classification of administrative and non-business accounting units
There are many criteria to classify administrative and non-business units. However, in order to match the accounting in different types of administrative and non-business units; The classification according to the specific characteristics of each unit is the most common, including:
– Administrative and non-business units with revenue:
They are administrative units that generate revenues to cover expenses other than revenues from the State Budget. For example, hospitals collect hospital fees, schools collect tuition fees, etc.
– Simple administrative and non-business unit:
They are units whose main source of revenue is from the State Budget; and use that revenue to cover expenses. For example: Department of Finance, departments at district and commune levels, etc.
– Administrative and non-business units:
Are units using state budget funds; but carry out more production and business activities. For example: Centers of plant and animal varieties of the province, district, etc.
– Project administrative unit:
Are units that use state funding to implement projects of a social nature; such as: health center’s adolescent reproductive health propaganda project,…
There are also vertical classifications of the same industry; including cost estimate units at levels 1, 2, 3, and grassroots levels; or classification according to the source of the unit’s funding, including: administrative and non-business units with complete autonomy; partial autonomy and full use of state budget funds.
The voucher system in the administrative unit for each of the above types has its own characteristics; consistent with the operating principles of such units; but still comply with the general regulations.
3. Accounting contents of administrative and non-business units
Is the application of current accounting regimes; in the accounting of transactions related to activities in the unit such as activities of budget revenue and expenditure, receipt and withdrawal of estimates.
The administrative accounting has the following basic contents:
– Accounting for money and materials:
Reflecting on the delivery and receipt of estimates, revenues and expenditures of the State budget; situation of increase, decrease of materials and ways of handling Funds received in the period.
– Accounting for fixed assets:
Accounting for transactions related to fixed assets such as: procurement, superiority, depreciation of fixed assets, liquidation of fixed assets, etc. Especially clearly the difference between depreciation of assets is clearly seen. Fixed assets in administrative and non-business units and depreciation of fixed assets in enterprises are:
+ Depreciation of fixed assets in the enterprise on a monthly basis (1 time/month at the end of each month)
+ Depreciation of fixed assets in administrative and non-business units by year (1 time/year at the end of each year)
– Accounting of revenues:
Are transactions that show the difference in the accounting method of revenues between an administrative and non-business unit with revenue (revenues using account 511) and an administrative unit with production and business (which are revenues from account 511). Receivables and use account 311) and in enterprises, accounts receivable use account 131.
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– Accounting of salaries and insurance:
Accounting for calculation and payment of salary and deductions according to salary such as social insurance, health insurance, labor insurance, unemployment insurance in administrative and non-business units.
– Accounts payable accounting:
Reflects payables to objects in administrative and non-business units such as: suppliers, students, and other objects.
– Accounting of funding sources:
As the accounting entries on receipt of estimates provided by the State Budget, the increase in funding sources such as operating funds, project funds, etc.
– Accounting of business funds:
Where do administrative and non-business units with production and business receive funding from? How will that funding be used? Is it any different from accounting for business capital in enterprises? career or not?
– Accounting of expenses:
What is the difference between spending on regular activities, irregular activities, project expenses or spending on orders of the State? How to use the funds for reasonable expenses, what is its estimate?
– Accounting of revenue:
Reflecting revenues in administrative and non-business units with production and business.
– Accounting of expenses:
Essentially, production and business expenses in administrative and non-business units such as: salaries, wages, allowances, production materials, tools and tools, depreciation of assets permanent,…
– Accounting for the ending balance sheet entries:
These are the basic cases for dealing with different types of estimates, types of funding sources as well as expenditures at the end of the accounting period.
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– Accounting of financial books and reports:
List the types of books to be printed at the end of the accounting year, the purpose of printing each type of book; and the financial statements to be prepared and what information each type of financial statement will provide to parties inside and outside the entity.
The specific content of each accounting practice section invites readers to refer to riclix.com’s course on Administrative and Career Accounting Principles.
